黄河冲积扇对中原城市群的地质控制作用          下载免费PDF全文

闫震鹏  赵云章  焦红军  寇亚飞 《地学前缘》2010,17(6):278-285

黄河冲积扇是中国中东部山前地区最大的冲积扇,其主体位于河南省。黄河冲积扇的形成发育的地质环境条件,冲积扇的地层岩性结构、水文地质特征,以及与其相邻地貌单元的地质和资源条件共同决定了中原城市群各城市的分布、发展规模、发展方向、产业结构等要素。通过黄河冲积扇的形成演化和本身地质、水文地质条件研究,从地质角度分析和探讨了中原城市群城市可持续发展的有利条件和影响因素,旨在为中原城市群的规划、建设提供地质科学依据。  相似文献   

大位移井悬链线剖面设计的数值计算          下载免费PDF全文

鲁港  曹传文  夏泊洢 《探矿工程》2010,37(2):1-3,8

悬链线剖面是大位移井轨道的经典类型,在进行设计时需要求解一个以悬链线初始井斜角为未知数的非线性方程。由于未知数包含在多个三角函数和对数函数中,计算工作量较大,而且常用的迭代求解方法存在一些问题。通过数学变换将该方程转换成一个只包含对数函数和多项式函数的新方程,对新方程的函数性态做了几何分析,进而提出了寻找求解区间的步长搜索算法和自适应步长搜索算法。利用二分法在求解区间上能够快速求出新方程的数值解。利用大位移井设计实例验证了本文算法的有效性,并对圆弧井段井眼曲率与方程解的关系进行了讨论。本文提出的算法可用于大位移井轨道设计的计算机软件开发中。  相似文献   

基于空间差异的黑河中游土地多功能利用研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

蒙吉军  王祺  李枫  郭力仁 《地理研究》2019,38(2):369-382

土地多功能利用是提高土地利用综合效率、协调用地矛盾的有效途径。选择人地关系较活跃的黑河中游为研究区,融合多源数据,采用集对分析、热点分析和空间自相关等方法,对2000-2014年土地多功能利用进行动态评价及空间关系揭示。结果表明：土地利用功能增加了近一倍,以社会功能和经济功能为主;各功能之间表现为协同或互斥关系：社会功能和经济功能、环境功能和文化功能之间均呈正相关关系,但社会功能和环境功能之间呈负相关关系;土地利用各功能均具有明显的空间聚集性特点,多功能利用集中在黑河水系形成的绿洲平原区、区县建成区和南部山区。研究结果对干旱区土地持续利用管理具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Patterns in stream longitudinal profiles and implications for hyporheic exchange flow at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest,Oregon, USA     

Justin K. Anderson  Steven M. Wondzell  Michael N. Gooseff  Roy Haggerty 《水文研究》2005,19(15):2931-2949

There is a need to identify measurable characteristics of stream channel morphology that vary predictably throughout stream networks and that influence patterns of hyporheic exchange flow in mountain streams. In this paper we characterize stream longitudinal profiles according to channel unit spacing and the concavity of the water surface profile. We demonstrate that: (1) the spacing between zones of upwelling and downwelling in the beds of mountain streams is closely related to channel unit spacing; (2) the magnitude of the vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs) driving hyporheic exchange flow increase with increasing water surface concavity, measured at specific points along the longitudinal profile; (3) channel unit spacing and water surface concavity are useful metrics for predicting how patterns in hyporheic exchange vary amongst headwater and mid‐order streams. We use regression models to describe changes in channel unit spacing and concavity in longitudinal profiles for 12 randomly selected stream reaches spanning 62 km² in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon. Channel unit spacing increased significantly, whereas average water surface concavity (AWSC) decreased significantly with increasing basin area. Piezometer transects installed longitudinally in a subset of stream reaches were used to measure VHG in the hyporheic zone, and to determine the location of upwelling and downwelling zones. Predictions for median pool length and median distance between steps in piezometer reaches bracketed the median distance separating zones of upwelling in the stream bed. VHG in individual piezometers increased with increasing water surface concavity at individual points in the longitudinal profile along piezometer transects. Absolute values of VHG, averaged throughout piezometer transects, increased with increasing AWSC, indicating increased potential for hyporheic exchange flow. These findings suggest that average hyporheic flow path lengths increase—and the potential for hyporheic exchange flow in stream reaches decreases—along the continuum from headwater to mid‐order mountain streams. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河内蒙古河段平滩流量与有效输沙流量关系          下载免费PDF全文

申红彬  吴保生  郑珊  李文文 《水科学进展》2013,24(4):477-482

从水沙组合的角度出发,建立了基于水沙二维向量组合的频率统计方法,并在此基础上提出了有效输沙流量的计算方法。根据黄河内蒙古河段巴彦高勒站1954-2006年日水沙资料及汛后平滩流量资料,采用上述有效输沙流量计算方法计算得到了各年有效输沙流量及相应含沙量组合,进而分析了平滩流量与有效输沙流量及有效来沙系数之间的关系。结果表明,巴彦高勒站平滩流量调整分别受到包括当年在内的前期12年来水来沙条件的影响。  相似文献   

河流水位差计设计及其应用的可行性研究          下载免费PDF全文

卢玉成 《水文》2013,33(6):29-34

水工建筑物或控制河段的上下游水位差是水流运动的决定性要素,是流量推算中的最重要因子。在平原水网区,水位差很小,人工观测精度对其影响十分突出,直接影响流量定线和流量推算的精度,不能满足社会对水资源精细配置的需求。为提高水位差的测量精度,设计了河流水位差计;付之应用,对水位差的测量,无需进行水尺零点高程校正,无需进行水位的对比观测,而且能在任意数量级内提高水位差精度(根据精度选择探头),所构成的误差只有很微小的仪器器差,可满足流量定线与精确推流的目的。该系统还可以同时测记水位。河流水位差计设计简洁,仪器生产难度小,附属设施施工方便,整体造价低廉,具有良好的开发应用前景。  相似文献   

Determining transition reaches between torrents and downstream rivers using a valley morphology index in a mountainous landscape     

Cheng-Wei Kuo  Samkele Tfwala  Su-Chin Chen  Hsuan-Pei An  Fang-Yi Chu 《水文研究》2021,35(11):e14393

Dividing rivers into homogeneous reaches is key for river processes and watershed management. In contrast to downstream fluvially dominated rivers, upstream debris-flow dominated torrents have steeper channel slopes and smaller valley width/depth ratios. Investigating transition reaches between torrents and fluvially dominated rivers, not only explores the structure of the landscape, but also contributes to hazard management. This study proposed a valley morphology index combining two variables, channel slope and valley width/depth ratio, to determine transition reaches between torrents and rivers. The methodology was applied to 41 mountain streams in Taiwan using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based topographic analysis. Plots of valley width/depth ratio versus channel slope were used to determine boundary values of the valley morphology index (I_v) separating torrents from rivers. The plots showed that about 80% of the river basins present “L-shaped” curves, which indicate sharp decreases in slope for upstream sections and dramatic increases of valley width/depth ratio for downstream sections. Results further demonstrated an average value of I_v 0.0047 across the study sites. Spatial comparison between geographic regions indicated that transition reaches in eastern rivers tend to occur lower in the drainage basin due, in part, to higher terrain. Local factors, such as tributary confluences and landslides promote the transition from torrents to fluvially dominated rivers. Satellite images verified that the approach correctly identified transition reaches, suggesting that it may provide a useful reference for river management.  相似文献   

长江南京段近20年来河槽演变及其对人类活动的响应     

徐韦  程和琴  郑树伟  王淑平  陈钢  袁小婷 《地理科学》2019,39(4):663-670

利用 1998年和2013年历史水下地形数据,结合2015年和2016年多波束测深、流速与河床沉积物数据,探讨了南京段河槽演变对人类活动的响应规律。结果表明：① 1998~2013年南京河段整体呈现冲刷状态,净冲刷量为0.56亿 m³。② 南京段主河槽发育有平床和沙波等微地貌,两侧发育有水下陡坡。其中,平床和小尺度沙波区域平均流速为0.79 m/s,而巨型沙波区域平均流速为1.41 m/s。③ 人类活动对该河段的水下微地貌演变与河势演变起到至关重要的作用。由于三峡大坝等人类活动的影响,上游来沙量仍将持续低于多年平均值,南京段河槽会进一步冲刷并极可能给涉水工程安全带来威胁。  相似文献   

末次盛冰期长江南京段河槽特征及古流量(英文)     

曹光杰  王建  王灵均  李彦彦 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(3):431-440

The stratigraphical cross-sections of the Yangtze River incised-valley near the No.1,No.3 and No.4 Nanjing Yangtze River bridges were established with respective bore date and documents.By 14C age analysis of the samples of four drilling cores near the No.4 Bridge(to be built),we can find that the time range of paleo-valley is dated in the LGM at a depth of-60 m to-90 m near Nanjing.It is also indicated that the deep incised-valley channel was narrow and the river flowed swiftly.The ancient Yangtze River deep channel presented partially and deeply incised features near the No.1 Bridge.According to previous publications,much research has been done on the main paleo-channel of the Yangtze River,but few results have been achieved on discharge estimation.In this paper,the incipient velocity and average velocity of the LGM was calculated with Vc = 4.60 d 1/3 h1/6,95 Vc 1.28lg 13.15.h.gd,d = 6 * 90 V 6.5u h≈ d,etc.,in terms of the river shape,sedimentary grain size and sequences near the No.3 and No.1 bridges.Moreover,the discharge in Nanjing reach of the Yangtze River during the LGM has been estimated to be around 12,000-16,000 m3/s according to the relationship of discharge,velocity of flow and cross-section.  相似文献   

黄河内蒙古河段冲淤演变及其影响因素   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

秦毅  张晓芳  王凤龙  颜恒  韩海军 《地理学报》2011,66(3):324-330

冲淤平衡的河流具有调整河床变形使之趋向不变形的特性,这种特性必然反映在河床横断面冲淤演变的趋势之中。据此,采用横断面冲淤指标跟踪计算法生成黄河上游巴彦高勒、三湖河口站1976-2006 年的横断面冲淤演变时间序列,对该长期序列的趋势变化和突变特点进行分析后发现：内蒙古河床演变明显存在3 个阶段,即演变相对稳定阶段、河床快速萎缩变形阶段和新的相对稳定阶段,以及孔兑来沙大的年份是横断面冲淤面积趋势改变的时间。大型水库修建后,孔兑来沙对河道横断面冲淤趋势变化的影响更加显著,表明近年来大洪水缺失和孔兑来沙的共同作用是导致河床萎缩的重要根源。90 年代中后期横断面冲淤演变再次发生突变之后,内蒙河段进入到一个新的相对稳定期,河床边界条件已经和来水来沙条件相适应,因此在新的稳定条件下,如何治理内蒙河道的淤积萎缩值得探讨。  相似文献